Modeling of structural damage evolution in filled elastomers with regard for interfacial interaction
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7242/1999-6691/2019.12.4.32Keywords:
elastomer, dispersed filler, structural damage, fracture criteria, interfacial microlayers, microstrands, computer modelingAbstract
Computer modeling of internal damage evolution in elastomeric composites with high structural phase heterogeneity (hard dispersed filler and soft elastomeric matrix) was carried out. The concentration of particles was such that their mutual influence significantly affected the strength properties of the material. Dispersed inclusions were considered absolutely rigid and durable. Only a finite deformable incompressible matrix could be damaged, the mechanical properties of which were set using the neo Hookean elastic potential. In this case, such features of the composite structure were taken into account as a high stress concentration in the gaps between closely located inclusions, the presence of elastomeric layers with increased stiffness on the surface of filler particles, interphase contact conditions (full adhesion or slippage at "inclusion-matrix" boundaries) and the possibility of anisotropic hardening of the elastomer during uniaxial stretching (due to the reorientation of molecular chains in the direction of elongation). The last factor allowed us to theoretically study the mechanism of high-strength micro-strand formation in the spaces between adjacent particles. The appearance of such formations in filled elastomers was observed in numerous experiments, which is now a proven fact. To describe it, a new “anisotropic” fracture criterion was developed since the use of generally accepted conventional strength criteria in this case does not allow simulating this phenomenon. The calculations showed that with this new approach local matrix discontinuities occur not in the gap between the particles (in the places of highest stress concentration) but at a certain distance, forming a “hollow ring” around it, i.e. micro-strand. Thus, the “link” between neighbor inclusions is not violated, and the material at the macro level retains its carrying capacity. This phenomenon may be one possible explanation for hardening of the elastomer when hard dispersed filler is dispersed in it.
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