In the journal scientific, institutional and other problems related to science are reflected in the form that is accessible and interesting for researchers of various fields of scientific knowledge, lecturers, teachers, engineers, politicians, students etc. The editorial board of the journal comprises the representatives of universities, academic and sectoral science and knowledge-intensive business. Multilateral nature of the thematic profile and the structure of the editorial board stimulate focus on highlighting a wide range of issues significantly related to the present state and the development of science in the Perm region.
Effect of tetrabutylammonium salts of polyhydroxo-substituted derivatives of the closo-dodecaborate anion on thermal-oxidative aging of polyurethane elastomers
This article presents data on thermal-oxidative aging of samples of cast polyurethane elastomer based on oligoesters with new boron-containing thermal closo-dodecaborate anionbased stabilizers in the temperature range from 90 to 120°C, including tensile strength and relative modulus. Methods for synthesizing anhydrous tetrabutylammonium salts of di-, tri-, and polyhydroxo-substituted derivatives of the closo-dodecaborate anion are presented. An analysis of changes in elastomer strength during aging under atmospheric conditions made it possible to evaluate the corresponding patterns of structural changes in the studied materials depending on the additive used. Tetrabutylammonium 1,7-dihydroxo-closo-dodecaborate has been proven to be the most effective heat stabilizer. The use of standard methods for numerically assessing changes in aging strength allowed us to obtain the calculated values of the service life for the studied materials in the temperature range up to 90°C.
Copyright (c) 2026 Perm Federal Research Centre Journal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Mitochondria: «Achilles heel» of CD4+ T-lymphocyte regeneration in HIV infection
This literature review focuses on the problem of impaired CD4+ T-lymphocyte regeneration in HIV-infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). Typically, adherence to treatment leads to significant suppression of viral replication and induces an increase of CD4+ T-cell counts in infected individuals. However, in some patients (20 to 40%), despite the low viral load achieved by taking the drugs, CD4+ T-lymphocyte deficiency persists. These patients are more likely to suffer from AIDS-associated and non-AIDS diseases, age earlier, and have a shorter life expectancy. To denote this clinical paradox the term «immune non-responders» (INR) was introduced in the scientific literature. The INR phenomenon was discovered more than 25 years ago, but it is only now that mitochondria’s key role in its implementation has become increasingly apparent and the link between dysfunction of these organelles and impairment of immune cell regeneration processes has become clearer.
Dialkyl esters of phthalic acid in soils, biodegradation of phthalates and bioremediation of polluted soils
An overview of dialkyl esters of phthalic acid (PAEs) in soils is provided. PAEs are ubiquitous in soils. The most commonly detected PAEs in soils are dibutyl phthalate, diethylhexyl phthalate, dimethyl phthalate, diethyl phthalate, and diisobutyl phthalate. They are known to have toxic, carcinogenic, and teratogenic effects, and are capable of binding to cell receptors and disrupting hormonal regulation in living organisms. Therefore, the presence of these compounds in soils can potentially have a negative impact on humans and other living organisms. Sources of PAEs in soils include anthropogenic pollution and the biological synthesis of these substances by plants and microorganisms. Among soil microorganisms, the ability to degrade PAEs was found in fungi (Aspergillus flavus, Agrocybe praecox, Crucibulum leave) and bacteria of the following genera: Achromobacter, Acinetobacter, Agrobacterium, Arthrobacter, Bacillus, Burkholderia, Delftia, Dietzia, Enterobacter, Erythrobacter, Glutamicibacter, Gordonia, Halomonas, Ideonella, Idiomarina, Kluyvera, Marinobacter, Martelella, Methylobacillus, Oceanisphaera, Ochrobactrum, Paenarthrobacter, Phytobacter, Priestia, Providencia, Pseudoarthrobacter, Pseudomonas, Rhodococcus, Sphingobium, Stappia, Stutzerimonas, Variovorax. The main existing technologies for soil remediation are the introduction of phthalate-degrading bacteria (bioaugmentation) and the use of plants for soil remediation (phytoremediation). It is concluded that soil phthalate-degrading bacteria remain understudied, requiring a more comprehensive study of their distribution, their role in ecosystems, and impact on human health.
Zeolites are safe mineral sorbents and carriers of therapeutic agents
Zeolites are natural aluminosilicates with a porous structure. They possess unique sorption, ion-exchange, and detoxifying properties. Clinoptilolite is the least toxic and is used to treat wastewater, improve the agrophysical properties of soils, stimulate seed germination and plant growth, and incorporate into livestock and poultry feed. This review focuses on the use of zeolites in medicine, both as stand-alone dietary supplements and as carriers of therapeutic agents. The sorption and staged, prolonged release of probiotics from a preparation created by the combined lyophilization of clinoptilolite-containing rock and lactic acid bacteria cultures are discussed. The methods for processing the natural mineral, its elemental composition, and porosity are characterized. This porosity allows for the incorporation of probiotic bacteria and therapeutic proteins into the cavities and channels of the zeolite, which are biovoids formed during the dissolution and recrystallization of the calcareous skeleton of fossilized biota. Particular attention is paid to the immobilization of the bacillary ribonuclease binase, which exhibits antitumor activity against human intestinal adenocarcinoma cells, on a mineral carrier. The potential for using organomineral complexes of probiotics with clinoptilolite for restoring the microbiota after toxic exposure is demonstrated, as well as the potential for using complexes of ribonucleases immobilized on the mineral as new antitumor therapeutic agents.
On the influence of unfrozen water content curve models on the accuracy of temperature field prediction in artificial ground freezing
Three different models of the content of unfrozen water used in the description of freezing of water-saturated rock masses are considered in the work: the power-law model; the van Genuchten-Mualem model; and the Kozlovsky model. An analysis of the applicability of these models for interpreting laboratory measurement data from sand and clay samples was conducted. It was established that all models describe the experimental data with acceptable accuracy; however, the van Genuchten-Mualem model generally yields the best results, particularly for clay. The validity of applying this model under field conditions was confirmed by mathematical simulation of artificial ground freezing in the shaft of a potash mine. It was found that, over extended periods (six months or more), the discrepancies between the calculated and experimental temperatures in monitoring boreholes remain negligible. This justifies recommending the van Genuchten-Mualem model for simulating artificial freezing of various rock types in monitoring tasks and for designing frozen wall.
An experimental system for telemetry and data processing in the study of high-speed shock wave propagation processes
Work has been completed to create an experimental system for telemetry and processing of air shock wave propagation data in physical modeling. The constituent elements of such a system are proposed: physical and technical components, as well as a methodological framework. Implementation solutions are provided for each of these components (sensors and their placement, compressor, microcontroller, software, etc.). An experimental pneumatic tube mockup rig was developed to test and validate the telemetry and data processing system’s operability. The rig is mounted on rigidly fixed laboratory benches with stainless steel tabletops, using clamps to secure the tube components. This reduced the influence of structural vibrations on sensor readings during disturbance propagation. To minimize the effect of static voltage on the flow of sensor data (interference), the tube and laboratory tabletops are grounded. A series of experiments were conducted on compression wave propagation along a straight section of the tube and on the same section with a simulated explosion-proof bulkhead installed. The obtained data are compared with the results of numerical simulations performed using the OpenFOAM package. Suggestions for improving the experimental setup (the physical component of the system) are presented.A design scheme for a pneumatic setup for shock wave studies has been developed. Directions for further work and research are outlined.
Underground minings on the right bank of the Bulganak river near the village of Bondarenkovo in Crimea
The article describes the quarries located in the western part of Bondarenkovo village (the Republic of Crimea, Leninsky District), within the Bulganak limestone deposit. Development of the stone here was first carried out by adits, and later by open-pit quarrying. Underground mining took place in three periods: from the late 19th century to the 1917 Revolution; from the 1930s to the beginning of the Great Patriotic War in 1941; and after the war until the mid 1950s. First the miners worked with hand tools but after the war they started using electric equipment. Five quarries of different lengths are known. Bulganakskaya-8 is a quarry dating to the late 19th–early 20th centuries; two accessible sections, separated with a collapse, measure 50 and 38 meters in length. Bulganakskaya-9 and Bulganakskaya-10 are two small prerevolutionary adits on the slope of the Bulganak valley, measuring 10 and 24 meters. Bulganakskaya-11 is a quarry dating to the early 1950s, with a length of 960 meters. Bulganakskaya-12 is a fragment of a mid-20th-century mine working, being 150 meters long. The probability of discovering new, previously unknown workings is quite high.
Analysis of the nature of a seismic event in Berezniki on January 7, 2025
The area of the Verkhnekamskoye deposit is characterized by an abnormally high technogenic load on the subsoil which inevitably leads to the activation of tectonic processes. One of their manifestations was a microearthquake with magnitude ML=2.5 on January 7, 2025 which became the largest in this region since the beginning of the 21st century. The article describes approaches to clarifying the coordinates of its epicenter and the depth of the source. The seismograms are compared with other seismic events of known origin. It is concluded that this microearthquake is of tectonic origin and is associated with the buried reef structure, despite its similarity in plan to the mine workings of one of the mines.
Assesment of localization of free gas accumulations in marginal part of the displacement trough
The development of the Starobinskoye potash salt deposit is associated with the danger of occurrence of gas-dynamic phenomena in the form of sudden and initiated outbursts of salt and gas, roof rock collapses and bed rock destruction. In this paper, mathematical modeling methods were used to evaluate changes in the stress-strain state during the excavation of the development heading along the lower silvinite formation of the I potash horizon under conditions of its underworking and overworking. Mine on-site studies of the distribution of gas content and gas dynamic characteristics of bed rocks of the lower silvinite stratum of the I potash horizon have been carried out. Based on the modeling results, possible localization areas of fracturing, stratification, and free gas accumulations have been identified, confined to the marginal part of the displacement trough. Within these zones, mine on-site studies have shown abnormally high values of the gas dynamic characteristics of the bed of the lower silvinite formation of the I potash horizon. The current mining situation in certain conditions determines the potential danger of gas-dynamic phenomena associated with the destruction of the rocks of the mine workings and accompanied by intense gas emission.
An expedition to identify and fix objects intangible ethnocultural heritage in the Komi Republic
The article presents the results of a folklore and ethnographic expedition conducted in 2025 in the Izhemsky district of the Komi Republic. The purpose of the work was to identify, record and document objects of intangible ethnocultural heritage of the Komi-Izhemians, a subethnic group of the Komi people. The article describes field materialscollected in the settlements of Izhma, Gam, Sizyabsk, Mokhcha, etc. The focus is on key heritage sites: the folk festival “Lud”, the song tradition, including ritual lamentations, and the traditional Izhma women’s costume. The current state of these phenomena, their manifestration in the activities of folklore groups and their role in preserving cultural identity are profiled in the article.
Copyright (c) 2026 Perm Federal Research Centre Journal
History of the komi-permyak writing system: a comparative overview of alphabets from the late 19th to the mid-20th century
This article presents a comparative historical analysis of alphabets developed for the Komi-Permyak language from the 19th century until the adoption of the modern Cyrillic standard in 1938. The relevance of the study stems from the lack of comprehensive works that systematize the numerous and often uncommon variants of its writing system in the scholarly literature. The aim of the work is to conduct a comparative analysis of these systems based on the criteria of adequacy in representing Komi-Permyak sounds, as well as the practicality and consistency of graphic solutions. The research material comprises alphabets from key monuments of Komi-Permyak writing: N. Rogov’s dictionary (1869), a series of primers (1894–1908), V. Molodtsov’s original Cyrillic alphabet (1918), Latin-based projects (1924, 1932), and projects for a Cyrillic alphabet from 1937. To ensure an objective comparison, the article first provides a detailed overview of the phonetic system of the Permic languages, including consonantism, vocalism, and main dialectal differences. The study identifies the main trends in the evolution of Komi-Permyak writing: from early projects that were guided by the rules of Russian orthography and often ignoring the language’s specificity, through strictly phonemic systems (the Savvaitov-Rogov, Molodtsov, and Latinized alphabets), to the modern alphabet, which represents a compromise between the phonemic principle and an orientation towards the Russian graphic base. The article contributes to the systematization of knowledge on the history of KomiPermyak writing and assesses the effectiveness of the considered alphabetic systems from linguistic and practical points of view.
New data on the craniology of the population of the Perm Kama region of the modern era
The article publishes primary craniometric data of small samples from the territory of the Perm Kama region which date back to the Modern era. Three groups from the cemeteries of Solikamsk, Perm (Egoshikhinsky cooper smelter) and Pyskor are compared. After the morphological characterization, a canonical analysis was carried out. The research led to assumption regarding the genetic links between the Solikamsk population of the XVII – XVIII centuries and certain medieval groups in the region. The conclusions known from the literature concerning the complexity of the formation of the anthropological composition in the Perm Kama region have been confirmed. The unique nature of the population formation issue in the city of Perm as the new industrial center of the XVIII century is becoming obvious.
Sosnowski’s hogweed (Heraculum sosnowskyi manden) as an object of ecological and legal regulation: a comprehensive analysis of invasion, control methods and the evolution of the legislative framework on the example of the Perm Region
Sosnowsky’s hogweed (Heracleum sosnowskyi Manden) is a striking example of the transformation of an introduced species into a large-scale environmental and social threat requiring a comprehensive legal response. The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the problem, based on a synthesis of data on the biological and ecological characteristics of the plant, agricultural control practices, and a detailed study of the regulatory framework. Special emphasis is placed on the evolution of legislative regulation of invasive species control in the Russian Federation – from fragmented regional initiatives to the formation of a unified federal legal framework. The history of the species’ introduction, the mechanisms of its invasive success, and the multifaceted damage, including reduced biodiversity, economic losses, and a direct threat to public health, are examined in detail. Control methods (mechanical, agrotechnical, chemical) are described, with an assessment of their effectiveness, resource intensity, and environmental risks. The central focus of the study is an analysis of legislative measures: tracing the dynamics from a legal vacuum, through active regional rulemaking (using the examples of Moscow, Leningrad, Tver, Kaluga Oblasts and Perm Krai), to systemic changes at the federal level initiated by Federal Law No. 294-FZ of July 31, 2025. An overview of sanctions established in various constituent entities of the Russian Federation and administrative procedures is provided. Using the example of Perm Krai, the model of escalation of management measures is analyzed in detail – from the introduction of a “High Alert” regime and the establishment of administrative liability to the extension of the legislation’s scope to all lands of municipalities and the organization of planned interdepartmental work. It is concluded that effective suppression of invasion is possible only if scientifically based control methods are integrated into the strict framework of continuously improving legislation, which establishes clear obligations for all categories of land users and ensures their inevitable oversight and accountability.
Analysis of the current state of knowledge of the causes of spontaneous combustion of sulfide ores
This paper analyzes the current state of knowledge of the spontaneous combustion of sulfide ores. The main factors affecting the heating of sulfide ores are presented, including the excess of heat release from oxidation processes over heat loss to the environment. The primary factor determining the level of heat loss is the geometric size of the waste heap. It is noted that little-studied factors accelerating sulfide ore oxidation include temperature, fractional and mineralogical composition of sulfide ores, as well as the presence of ammonium nitrate-based explosives. A review of international experimental research and methods for determining the susceptibility of sulfide ores to spontaneous heating and combustion is presented. It is noted that existing methods and mathematical models of waste heaps do not allow for the reliable determination of the conditions for spontaneous heating and combustion of sulfide ores. Based on this, further research directions have been identified to determine the conditions for spontaneous heating and combustion of sulfide ores in underground workings and waste heaps of ore stored on the surface.
Features of hydrocycloning technology when changing the sludge processing method
A method has been developed for processing stockpiled (flotation) sludge for the purpose to extract precious metals. One of the main stages is the process of three-phase hydrocycloning of calcined sludge (cinders) using primary and secondary hydrocyclones at each stage. The ground cinder is pulped and fed to a series of hydrocyclones with taper angles of 10, 7 and 5 degrees. These hydrocyclones desludge the ground cinders and produce sands for centrifugal separation, yielding a concentrate consisting of a mixture of intermetallic compounds (Pd, Pt, Ag, Cu, Sn, Pb) and intermetallic compounds (Fe, Cr, and Ni). Magnetic separation allows for the separation of these intermetallic compounds. The result of using three-phase hydrocycloning was a 10-fold reduction in the volume of ground cinder, which, in turn, made it possible to reduce the scale of equipment in centrifugal separation operations for sand by 10 times.
Low-temperature large-scale modeling of air flow stability in an inclined mine working with a heat source
An analysis was carried out on the possibilities of large-scale modeling of downward airflow in inclined mine workings with a heat source within the parametric range of airflow instability. It was established that accurately reproducing model similarity to reality in this range is only possible within the framework of the Froude scaling rules with identical air temperature, which at the fire source reaches 1500 K or more. Since achieving such air heating under laboratory conditions is problematic, an attempt was made to obtain approximate low-temperature scaling relations based on estimated calculations targeting a threefold reduction in temperature with a tenfold reduction in geometric dimensions. The obtained relations were verified through numerical modeling of the thermal plug effect in the SolidWorks software suite, as well as on a laboratory simulation stand. The relative error in determining the overturning point of airflow due to thermal depression in model and full scale was 2%. Both methods of modeling the thermal plug effect showed the same dynamic scenario of airflow direction change via instability, in which the flow overturns gradually, forming large-scale convective vortices and multidirectional vertical velocity stratification across the cross-section.
Modern wearable devices have evolved from simple pedometers to complex multi-sensor systems providing continuous and non-invasive monitoring of a wide range of physiological parameters. This transition is transforming consumer gadgets into tools for preventive medicine and biomedical research. This analytical review focuses on the physical principles underlying the recording of physiological parameters and their potential application for health monitoring. The key technology of the smart-watches is the method of optical photoplethysmography which allows for the recording the modulation of reflected scattered light flux by pulsating blood flow. Smart-watch functionality, recently expanded to include electrocardiogram measurements, offers additional opportunities for medical application of these gadgets. The most anticipated features include arterial blood pressure and biochemical monitoring via smart-watches. The second part of the review provides a detailed analysis of the physiological characteristics that can be derived from the physical signals recorded by smart-watches. The third part outlines medical applications, and the forth describes the diagnostic value of the recorded physiological parameters, as well as the possibility of potential using of the obtained data in medical practice.
Building a Life in Science According to the Rules of Academician Irina Ivshina
В журнале «Университет» № 15 за 2021 г. были опубликованы Правила жизни нашего Учителя – Ирины Борисовны Ившиной, академика РАН, доктора биологических наук, заведующего лабораторией алканотрофных микроорганизмов Института экологии и генетики микроорганизмов УрО РАН, профессора кафедры микробиологии и иммунологии. Сегодня, в дни ее 75-летнего Юбилея мы, благодарные ученики и коллеги, пытаемся осмыслить эти правила как руководство к действию, как маяки, помогающие находить верный путь в науке и жизни, преодолевать трудности, добиться успеха.
From shock waves up to mechanobiology of living systems! On the 75th anniversary of Oleg Borisovich Naimark
Олег Борисович Наймарк – ученый мирового уровня, чье имя известно далеко за пределами Российской Федерации. Доктор физико-математических наук, профессор, автор более пятисот научных статей, десятка патентов на методы и устройства различного назначения. Масштаб его деятельности – от развития пермской научной школы механики деформируемого твердого тела до плодотворного сотрудничества с аэрокосмическими и оборонными предприятиями, а также ведущими мировыми научными группами – сложно переоценить. Очерк посвящен основным этапам профессионального становления ученого, личным воспоминаниям и событиям, которые сформировали уникальный научный путь Олега Борисовича.
Anyushkar settlement: tasks and prospects of new research
Anyushkar settlement is one of the most famous and best–excavated archaeological sites in the Perm Region and the only one whose name is known thanks to the traditions of the Permian Komi. It rises on the shore of the Kama reservoir near the village of Kylasovo, and is a very picturesque and iconic place. It is an ancient settlement that occupied an advantageous strategic position near the confluence of the river. During its heyday, the village of Inva in Kama was a Bulgarian trade and craft trading post. The presence of a Muslim burial ground testifies to the residence of the Bulgars here. A variety of craft workshops, dwellings, and defensive structures have been studied at the settlement. During the excavations, rich and expressive materials were collected, testifying to the peculiarities of the way of life, economic and industrial activities of the inhabitants of the settlement, and their cultural and economic ties. However, the results of its research have received little publication coverage, and the materials obtained have remained unpublished. Since 2024, the settlement has been the object of research by the Institute of Humanitarian Studies, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Firstly, the monument requires urgent rescue operations, as it is rapidly being destroyed by the reservoir. Secondly, it requires clarifying some of the conclusions made by previous researchers, taking into account new knowledge and techniques, using an interdisciplinary approach. The continuation of the research is also due to the fact that the technology of medieval crafts remains a priority area in the research of archaeologists of the Institute of Humanitarian Studies, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences and Anyushkar can provide a lot of additional data for the development of this topic. The ultimate goal is to collect disparate data on previous studies, supplement them with new information to prepare a large-scale publication, which this landmark archaeological site for the Perm Region deserves.
Passive vibration damping of a plate made of functionally graded material
The use of functionally graded materials in smart systems based on piezoelectric elements provides a number of additional advantages over homogeneous metals and alloys. Smooth variation of the mechanical properties of a structure along one or more directions makes it possible to optimize its dynamic parameters at the design stage, within the given constraints on the dimensions and mass of the structure. In this paper, the finite element method was used to study the free and forced steady-state harmonic vibration of a rectangular functionally graded plate with a piezoelectric element connected to an external electrical RL circuit. The examples analyze the influence of the volume fraction index of the functionally graded material on the electromechanical coupling coefficient, natural frequencies and vibration amplitude. The possibility of varying them within limits sufficient for safe operation of the structure in the vicinity of the initial resonance is demonstrated.
Deformation monitoring of buildings on permafrost soils
Monitoring the deformation state of buiding structures in Arctic conditions is of strategic importance. Widespread use of inexpensive measuring systems and their adaptation to harsh temperature conditions will make it possible to monitor the foundations of buildings during the melting of cryolithozone soils. The paper describes the stages of adaptating a hydrostatic levelingbased measuring method for the use in northern regions. The description of the monitoring system elements mounted on a building in Yakutsk is provided. Initial measurement results are presented.
Modeling aerodynamic characteristics of a wing airfoil using artificial neural networks
The paper considers the application of artificial neural networks to solve the direct and inverse aerodynamic modeling problems using the example of a two-dimensional NACA2415 wing profile. Based on the numerical solution of the steady-state Navier–Stokes equations, a training dataset is formed, which includes aerodynamic lift and drag coefficients for various values of the geometric parameters and angle of attack. A neural network with two hidden layers of 10 neurons and a sigmoid activation function is built and trained on datasets with regular and random distribution of parameters. The feasibility of solving the inverse problem of recovering the geometric parameters of an airfoil and angle of attack from given aerodynamic coefficients with an error of no more than 5% is demonstrated. The results confirm the effectiveness of neural networks for modeling and inverse design of aerodynamic profiles.
Нeterocyclization of some unlimited compounds under the action of eleсtrophilic agents
The review considers the formation of nitrogen-, oxygen- and sulfur-containing heterocycles in the interaction of non-limiting compounds with electrophilic reagents of various nature: halogens, salts of divalent mercury and some others.
The use of by-products of animal husbandry and K-Mg ore processing for potato mini-tubers production a greenhouse
The article discusses the use of by-products of processing K-Mg ores (sludge) and animal husbandry (dry chicken manure) for potato mini-tubers production in greenhouse conditions. The changes in the agrochemical parameters of the substrate (peat), the content of trace elements in potato leaves and the productivity of mini-tubers of the Julia and Grand potato varieties were studied depending on the doses and ratios of by-products. The higher rate of consumption of nutrients from the substrate led to degradation of peat agrochemical parameters for the early variety Julia relatively to the medium-ripened Grand variety on the 45th day after planting. The use of sludge led to increase of water-soluble salts concentration and chloride content in peat by 2.6 g/l and 0.32%, respectively (LSD05=0.6 g/l and 0.12%, respectively). The highest content of mobile forms of phosphorus and potassium, as well as nitrate nitrogen, was obtained by the combined application of sludge and dry manure. The total mass of mini-tubers for the Grand variety was 156.1 g, for the Julia variety 144.5 g (the difference is 11.6 g with LSD05=9.7 g). The average number of mini-tubers formed was 8.6 pieces per Julia variety and 7.1 pieces per Grand variety (LSD05=1.2 pieces). The use of sludge had the greatest impact on the total weight and number of mini-tubers. The content of trace elements in potato leaves had complex patterns of distribution according to experimental variants. Reliable inverse correlations were established between the total mass of mini-tubers and Co content (r=-0.82), as well as between the quantity of mini-tubers and the Mo content (r=-0.72). No negative effect of increased chloride concentration in peat on the productivity of mini-tubers was observed.
Review of approaches to determining the antibacterial activity of new natural and synthetic compounds
The rapidly growing threat of microbial resistance has driven increased interest in the research and development of new antimicrobial agents from various sources. Consequently, increasing attention is being paid to methods for screening and assessing antimicrobial activity. Some testing methods, such as disk diffusion, agar well diffusion, and broth dilution, are well-known and widely used. However, methods for assessing antibiofilm activity and identifying and inhibiting dormant forms have not been widely adopted. Methods such as flow cytometry, fluorescence, and bioluminescence provide rapid results for assessing the activity of antimicrobial compounds and understanding their impact on cell viability and damage, but require specialized equipment and subsequent assessment of the reproducibility and standardization. This article provides an overview of bacterial susceptibility testing methods used to analyze new compounds with antibacterial potential. It presents widely known and laboratory-developed methods for detecting antibacterial activity. These include methods for identifying antagonist strains that produce antimicrobial compounds, quantitative assessment of antibacterial activity, identification of dormant forms of bacteria, inhibition of bacterial adhesion on a solid surface, the effect of antibacterial compounds on the biofilm formation and the destruction of mature biofilms, and studying the mechanism of action, as well as enhancing antimicrobial properties.
Statistical aspects of dayly fluctuations of water quality indicators (on the example of the Kama reservoir)
Water bodies located in zones of active technogenesis are characterized by significant time variability of hydrochemical indicators of water quality. When conducting traditional monitoring of water bodies with water sampling using standard bathometers, the values of monitored water quality indicators are determined, as a rule, with a characteristic time averaging of ~10 seconds. The problem arises, however, as to how do these indicators relate to their average daily values? What should be the minimum averaging period in order to obtain objective average daily values of the considered water quality indicators? The paper considers the application of the analysis of variance to study every-second and five-minute observations of water conductivity and turbidity for two sections of the Kama Reservoir: the Chusovskoy Ples area of Perm and the Berezniki area. It has been demonstrated that water quality monitoring in the Perm area of the Kama Reservoir should be based on the evaluation of integral sampling methods with a time averaging scale of at least 10 minutes. At the same time, with regard to the Kama reservoir near Berezniki, the need for integrated sampling with averaging of at least 1.5 minutes is confirmed
Evaluation of the possibility of exhaustive extraction of mangiferin from the above-ground part of the introduced plant Hedysarum alpinum L. under conditions of microwave activation of the process
The dependence of the yield and purity of mangiferin from the phytomass of the alpine sweetvetch Hedysarum alpinum L. (Fabaceae) introduced in the Botanical Garden of the Institute of Biology of the Komi Scientific Center on the concentration of alcohol in the extractant under conditions of microwave activation of the extraction process has been studied. It has been established that the maximum yield of mangiferin – 1.87-2.0%, is achieved at an alcohol concentration in the extractant of 10-30% or 80%, a radiation power of 800 W in the microwave chamber volume, a total duration of the extraction stages of 9 minutes and a process hydromodule equal to eight.
From the history of evacuation hospital №1712
This article uses the example of evacuation hospital (EH) № 1712, which operated in Molotov (now Perm) in the period 1941-1943, to give the information contained in annual and semi-annual reports on the work of EH during the war. General information is provided on the operation of the hospital, occupied buildings and the timing of deployment in the city. A detailed description of the evacuation hospital’s activities is given, the names and positions of some EH personnel are indicated, information about their work and the work of the hospital as a whole, and some problems that the personnel and the wounded encountered. The work is based on materials from the branch of the Central Archive of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation (Branch of military medical documents, St. Petersburg), the Perm State Archive of Social and Political History. The sources include semi–annual reports and the final report of EH № 1712, orders and instructions of the People’s Commissariat of Health of the USSR, the People’s Commissar of Defense of the USSR (Medical and Sanitary service) and the Local Evacuation Center № 44 (Molotov). A significant part of the cited sources are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time.
Copyright (c) 2025 Perm Federal Research Centre Journal
Жизнь университетского профессора со стороны кажется академической, размеренной и очень далекой от той жизни, которая проходит рядом. На самом деле все намного сложнее. Серьезный научный результат неотрывно связан с частной жизнью исследователя и через нее с той социальностью, в которой он существует. Это я и пытаюсь показать, рассказывая о некоторых своих этапных работах по динамике сплошных сред и обстоятельствах, их сопровождающих.