Митохондрии – «Ахиллесова пята» в регенерации CD4+ T-лимфоцитов при ВИЧ-инфекции
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7242/2658-705X/2026.2.8Ключевые слова:
ВИЧ-инфекция, антиретровирусная терапия, регенерация CD4+ T-лимфоцитов, иммунные неответчики, митохондрии, пролиферация клетокАннотация
Настоящий литературный обзор посвящен проблеме нарушения регенерации CD4+ T-лимфоцитов у ВИЧ-инфицированных пациентов, получающих антиретровирусную терапию (АРТ). Обычно приверженность лечению сопровождается не только выраженным подавлением репликации вируса, но и приводит к увеличению численности CD4+ T-клеток в организме инфицированных лиц. Однако у части больных (от 20 до 40%), несмотря на низкий уровень вирусной нагрузки, достигнутый в результате приема препаратов, дефицит CD4+ T-лимфоцитов сохраняется. Эти пациенты чаще страдают от СПИД-ассоциированных и СПИД-неассоциированых заболеваний, раньше стареют и имеют более короткую продолжительность жизни. В научной литературе для них был введен термин «иммунные неответчики» (ИН). Феномен ИН был открыт более 25 лет назад, но только к настоящему времени становится все более очевидной ключевая роль митохондрий в его реализации и становятся понятной связь между дисфункцией этих органелл и нарушением процессов регенерации иммунокомпетентных клеток.
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